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    Why Talitot
    June 23, 2008
    Community | Jewish Living | Torah (24 comments)

    By Larry Kaufmantalit.JPG
    It's the custom in our congregation for the person who presents the d'var Torah to pose questions for discussion by the kahal, the community. Leading the discussion on Shelach Lecha, I noted that this parashah includes the commandment to wear fringes, a commandment that was essentially negated in Reform Judaism by the Pittsburgh Platform of 1885, the negation remaining in force for well over a hundred years.

    Why, I asked, of all the commandments so many of us do not obey, have so many in our kahal chosen to obey this one? And why, on the other hand, have so many chosen not to wear talitot now that it has become unremarkable in Reform Judaism to do so?

    Of all the questions I posed, this one got far and away the most attention, from both sides of the apparel spectrum.

    Answers from the bare-shouldered ranged from having grown up in the Classic Reform tradition and thus still finding it foreign, to having grown up female in the Orthodox tradition and feeling that to wear a talit would be disrespectful to her grandfather's memory, from finding no spiritual resonance in the wearing to finding physical discomfort in putting it over arthritic shoulders.

    Among the talit-clad, one woman equated wearing the talit to feeling wrapped in the shelter of God's wings. A Jew by Choice said that at the time she joined the congregation, only the rabbi was wearing a talit and she assumed it was a privilege reserved for the learned; but after becoming fluent in Hebrew, studying Torah and even Talmud, she came to the point where she felt qualified. My cynical wife has observed that she sometimes feels talit-wearers are making more of a fashion statement than a religious statement. As I have commented elsewhere, I recently returned to wearing the talit (and kipa) I had abandoned perforce when I segued 35 years ago from Conservative to Reform, not to connect to the capricious God of Shelach Lecha who had commanded fringes, but to connect to klal Yisrael, the Jewish community of all streams and all countries.

    Does anybody notice the reason for wearing a talit that is conspicuous by its absence?

    Nobody in our kahal admitted to wearing fringes because God commanded us to!

    What does this tell us about the place of mitzvot in our Reform Judaism? We often hear mitzvah used (misused?) as a synonym for a good deed. Has the mitzvah of wearing fringes become no more than a feel-good deed? (Or, as my wife might say, a look-good deed?)

    Unlike some mitzvot which are altogether arbitrary (Do it because I say so!), we are even given a reason for performing this one: lema'an tizkeru v'asitem et kol mitzvotai - that you may remember and do ALL my commandments. We are to wear the talit to remind us of all the other things we're commanded to do. But how effective is the reminder the fringes provide if we don't acknowledge why we're wearing them in the first place?

    I'd like to believe that, at some level, we DO feel commanded - whether by history, or by community, or even by God -- but we are reticent to say so publicly, other than by the act of putting on the talit, and hoping that the action speaks for itself.

     

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    Comments

    Still learning said:

    How is a newcomer to Judaism supposed to know what are the reasons, and the rules, for wearing a tallit?
    To learn that it is commanded by God took me almost a year of reading Torah until I got to Shelach. To learn the rules, I found out the hard way that traditionally,only males, and only during the day, are tallit to be worn. There is a gap in the education of Reform Jews--- not all of us came with Conservative or Orthodox upbringing. There seems to be an assumption that a Reform Jew doesn't need to know very much about tradition. I think this is a mistake, because it gives the Reform Jews little choice in their mode of observance. It's similar to giving a toddler a choice between "peas or carrots", without telling the child that there are a variety of other vegetables out there!

    Dave Abbey said:

    I suspect many people wear talitot for different reasons.. so here's mine...

    About 15 years or so ago my wife of now 39 years and I had a second wedding (which occurred about a year after she converted).

    She created a beautiful chuppah in the form of a tallit. I wear my tallit as a indication of respect for its creator. The fact we may have been commanded to wear fringes (tzitzit) is of little resonance to me. ON the other hand respect for one's life partner does resonate.

    Jonathan Hartman-Seeskin said:

    I think the language of "doing a mitzvah" as opposed to "observing a mitzvah" is quite telling. In doing, the mitzvah only occurs when the actor does it... that is, when we speak of "doing" mitzvot, it's as though had we not done it, the mitzvah itself would not have exsisted. Observing is a different story. By observing, we are acknowledging that the mitzvah, or command, has it's own existence separate from us. That is, if we don't observe a mitzvah... it is still a mitzvah none-the-less. (The tree that falls in the woods makes a sound regardless of the presence of a person to observe it.)

    To me, this acknowledgment through observing, rather than doing, is the key to yireh sh'mayim (fear of heaven). The mitzvah as commandement presupposes the divine commander, whereas the mitzvah as deed allows one to be the originator of purpose... doing something because it's good in one's own eyes is not the same as doing something because it is good in the eyes of G-d.

    Ellen Morrow said:

    First, as to whether wearing a tallit is commanded, I'm not convinced. If we were looking to fulfill the commandment, we would be attaching fringes to our actual clothing, if it had corners. (An example might be the bottom of our shirts/blouses.)

    I have two ideas as to why the tallit is coming back into mode. One is that women have claimed it as a symbol of equality. The other is that, as we dress more and more casually to go to Temple, this is a way of being "appropriately dressed" no matter what we're wearing.

    I have been making a tallit, as a gift to myself for my 50th birthday - symbolic, I guess, of moving into a more "elder" stage of life. But as I look around my temple, I am more and more reluctant to wear it. So many people are now wearing kippah and talit that I don't want to communicate to others that it's an expectation rather than a choice by adding to the near-majority status that wearers have achieved.

    Jim Brule said:

    I began wearing tallit during services about fifteen years ago; at the time it was specifically that the ritual of donning it helped me transition into a holy space. I eventually acquired a large tallit that I could literally wrap myself in, and found it both meaningful and comforting.

    About a year ago I began wearing tallit katan, the fringed garment underneath. I do this because it is a mitzvah, and in fact we are told that by performing that mitzvah we are credited with performing all the mitzvot! It definitely makes me aware of my Jewish connection with the Eternal, and that awareness helps guide me through my daily life.

    I appreciate that Reform Judaism has given me the opportunity to experiment with mitzvot and adopt those that help me advance spiritually and Jewishly.

    Uri Lam said:

    Congratulations for the blog!

    Well, I come from a double affiliated congregation in Brazil. I was there the moreh for people seeking to convert to Judaism. And why to use tallit and fringes was clearly explained and understood, since it appears always when we read the Shemah.

    But I agree with "still learning". Although it´s not all that reform jews observe (or do), I imagine that we need to know, to study all we could, in order to be able to choose.
    Our "classic reform Rabbis" knew and chose. Don´t we have the same rights?

    Shabat Shalom
    Uri Lam, Brazil

    Fay May said:

    I first tried wearing a talit during my studies for becoming a Para-Rabbinic Fellow. It felt comforting and also made me feel that I was offering prayer with greater concentration. My first talit is the Matriarch one, special to me as my grandmother's name was Sora Rivka, so she is named on two corners. I respect others for doing what their hearts tell them and I enjoy the same respect.

    Elise Dee Beraru said:

    I grew up in a Reform tradition in Los Angeles where nobody wore tallitot or kipot, including the rabbis. Later, I moved toward Conservative and Orthodox traditions, where both were reserved for men, and even head coverings reserved for married women, which I was not (and am not). When I moved to Lynchburg, Virginia three years ago my synagogue, the only one in the city, I discovered that many of the men and women wore tallitot for services where the Torah is read and most of the men and many of the women wore kipot at every service.

    It took me about a year to get used to it, then my brother went to Israel and asked me if there was something he could get for me there. I immediately told him I wanted a tallit. He sent me a pretty blue silk one, which I wore for the first time on Rosh Hashonah 2006. Since then, I wear mine for Torah services or when I am leading evening services or playing music, and I wear a kipot that I made myself at every service, Torah study, Hebrew class and Religious School.

    Since then, I have used my quiltmaking skills to design original art tallitot and kipot, and have made several on commission for others. I no longer make any excuse for wearing one and respect those who do as well as those who don't. In fact, wearing one of my own designs is my best advertising.

    Ed Wendel said:

    Like everyone else, my point of view is probably very personal, so I'm not sure where it fits into the mix. I grew up in an Orthodox synagogue and attended services weekly with friends all through my childhood, so I obviously was totally comfortable with tallit and kipa.

    When I made the move to a reform synagogue as an adult, where I found the spiritual search and ability to make choices about ritual practice much more in tune with my own philosophy and needs, I felt comfortable giving up the tallit but not the kipa. And that's where I still am today.

    Why I am not certain, other than to say that I feel more a part of the congregation (which is what is most important to me about being at a worship service) NOT to be wrapped in a tallit. During the moments of silence I can achieve the separateness I need.

    And perhaps if I delve deep enough into my psyche, I would find that the wearing of a tallit takes me back to a world that had a narrowness that I no longer want to identify with.

    Lucie Sample said:

    I also grew up in an Orthodox synagogue. I had to sit upstairs or "at the back of the bus" after I was about 4 or 5 years old. As a woman I felt totally excluded from most ritual, even physically prevented from reciting Kaddish for my beloved grandfather, who raised me.

    Since 1980 when I joined a Reform congregation, I have worn my self-made tallit at all daytime services and when the Torah is opened. I wear a kippah (I have some self-made and some bought) at all services and other times when appropriate (Shabbat evening, Pesach seder, funerals, etc.). I have attended every flavor of Jewish service, and with the exception of the Orthodox (where I wear a hat), I have worn tallit or kippah, or both, without regard to what others wear. Reform Judaism tell us that it's our choice whether or not to perform a mitzvah, so I'm content to leave it up to the individual.

    Not only do I feel a full member of the Jewish people when I do so, I have tangible reminders of the spiritual presence of my ancestors that surrounds me when I do Jewish things.

    The simple fact is that G-d commanded us to wear the tzitzit. Wearing the tallit not only allows me to fulfill the mitzvah and remember my grandfather, it asserts the equality of both sexes with regard to ritual observance and G-d's commandments.

    Richard Weiss said:

    I choose not to wear talit and kipa for much the same reason as Ed Wendel. I do not wish to replicate practices reminiscent of unpleasant, bygone eras. I think that the classical Reform approach of forbidding talitot and kipot was wrong, just as I think that requirement for such by the Conservative and Orthodox wings is wrong. I hope Reform Judaism will always retain its voluntary nature regarding these items.

    Wrapping myself in a talit has never had any spiritual effect upon me whatsoever.

    Joel T. Klein said:

    The name of this piece of garment comes from ITZTAllit, from which our word, stole. came through the Latin stola.
    It means a long loose garment, a robe.
    It was the white linen garment our ancestors wore.
    The fringes at the end of the garment meant power, as we see on the statues of the Egyptian pharaos.
    Biblical tradition preserved the meaning of power when in the biblical story David cut of the fringes of Saul's robe.
    The blue thread added to the fringes was the tribal identification.
    The custom of the tallit is the reinterpretation one of those useful items or objects which lost its own regular use and became a religious commandment, one of the issues which can be put under the rubric, "old traditions rarely die, they are reinterpreted."
    Wearing the tallit, and/or its modified version the Tallit katan Introduced in later centuries when the eastern long robe was not in fashion in other areas of the world. Wearing them in our days, is the expression of belonging to the people of Israel.

    M. Goldberg said:

    I am a Jewish convert who was given my tallit by a woman named Brucha one summer night in Montreal after our Rosh Chodesh group met. This orphaned woman (whom I never saw again nor learned the full name for) had explained in our service a bit about her life, her resettlement in Austraillia, that she had worn this shawl the day an undertow had carried her out to sea and a whirlpool had pulled her under. She felt the Hand of G-d had pulled her to shore the moment she most surely would have died without the intervention of a Mighty Hand.

    You can imagine my amazement when, as we walked part way to the metro together, she paused at the crosswalk and told me she wanted me to have it! At first I refused because I knew its meaning for her, but she reassured me her in-laws had given her a new one. Now she felt it was time to pass it on. I could not refuse. I had always wanted one and believed the fringed tallit would keep me from idolatry! Whatever the case, often I felt I was drowning in more ways than one (though I am a life guard). I use it every morning as I pray with my sedur in the privacy of an inner room of my apartment where there are no windows. It is not a fashion statement. It is more like the "wings of the Divine" that does (thank you for telling me this) remind me of the Commandments I need to fulfill. I use it that way--and I trust it.

    Thanks for giving me a chance to explain (and I hope I am not violating kashrut).

    Andrea Elkins said:

    Although I have never owned or worn a Tallit, I have wanted one for years, looked longingly at them often, and decided that I would request this to be a joint Chanukah gift this year from my children to me. My hope is that it will not only bring me comfort, it will also bring a Jewish spiritual renewal to each of them, as they have not all chosen a Jewish path for the time (although my adult daughter and mother of two is beginning to think in terms of a Jewish education for her children).

    I grew up in rural S.Dakota and there were probably 100 Jews within a 100-mile radius, counting children. We were a combined congregation; all the women wore head coverings and the girls too, and all the men from age 13 wore a tallit at our three services a year (High Holy Days and Pesach). Traditionally a tallit was the only gift a boy received for his 13th birthday, as there were no Jewish studies and no rabbi for 400 miles. I received a Mogen David for my 12th birthday. No hooplah, and no ceremony.

    When I joined a Reform congregation in the mid 1980's no one (except for me - I wore a kippah)wore a tallit or a kippah, and none were available for those who wished to don one. I began bringing them to the Temple, and after a while more and more people began using the head covering. I could do nothing for those desirous of a tallit, but soon some men began getting theirs out of their closets, and the young girls began requesting them for their B'nei Mitvot. I am coming on to my second life, nearing my new "13" and so want to feel my closeness with the wearing of the tallit. I should have done it last year when I turned "12!"

    Increasingly Distancing said:

    Richard Weiss best summarizes my views on tallitot, although my visceral abhorrance probably exceeds the feelings of most. The Philadelphia Reform Congregation in which my emotional views of Judaism were formed in the 1950s must have been more liberal (i.e., traditional for the Reform movement) than I realized. Unfortunately, the last 20 years have seen a move back to tradition in my family congregation that mirrors the move in the Movement. Some of my NFTY contemporaries have expressed the same regret that I feel; and I wish there were a larger organized movement to return to the Reform Judaism I knew as a youth.

    Renewed Jew said:

    Three years ago during my adult b'nei mitzvah class, the subject of wearing kipot and tallitim during our ceremony arose. Until then I had never considered the opportunity. It made me uncomfortable because of the association I have with Orthodoxy and rigidity. I resist following a commandment because it is written to do so. I had to grapple with the possibility that the tallit could spiritually transform my experience on the bemah. I opted to try the tallit, and I found that while enveloping myself during the prayer to don it, I entered a sacred space I had never known. It facilitated an intention to pray. Now I find that during a service touching the fringes or feeling the silk against my shoulders helps me stay focused. This of course has nothing to do with God's commandment, and everything to do with what works for me. I wonder if I wore a tallit every service if it would have the same effect.

    Judith Bitterman said:

    I remember when I attended my first URJ Kallah at Brandeis University about 8 or 9 years ago, there was a box of talitot that were available for our use. I ddecided to wear one one morning and it was as if I had gotten a hug from God. About a year later, I finally bought a talit for myself. When I wear it, I feel the pull of Sinai and every time I wrap myself in it, I somehow feel closer to God and my history. Although, I don't wear it because we are commanded to wear fringes, it does help to remind me of those passages in Torah that speak of it. I wear my talit and a kippah at all services where it is appropriate (i.e., morning services) and when I lead a service. To me, it is a very special expression of practice and faith.

    Susan Miller said:

    I have been wearing a talit for 30 years. It started out as a feminist affirmation of my adulthood. At that time I belonged to a newly "radical" conservative congregation where all the male adults were expected to wear a talit, and so when, after much debate, women achieved full congregational participation, I thought it appropriate to wear one, too. I tied tsitsit for all my women friends who wished to wear one, too. Today the debate whether to wrap oneself in a talit has, for me, shifted from being politcal to being one of trying to achieve personal holiness through observing the commandmants. It's been an interesting shift raising many questions for me about the purpose of ritual and mitzvah observance. I think I feel good knowing that I am now wearing a talit for myself rather than for the movement, but I am grateful to feminism for giving me the ability to be able to alter my practice in a nurturing context.

    Harold Eichenbaum said:

    In our congregation many people simply "follow the leader" as far as talit and kipa is concerned, and there may be an assumption that it is a "requirement" for Jewish worship. Since many congregants have come from Conservative and Orthodox backgrounds and are not versed in the Reform traditions, the use of these items seem to be spreading. As one with a Classical Reform upbringing, I do not feel the need to cover my head or shoulders to worship.

    Michael Starr said:

    It seems to me that we are better able to accept wearing a tallit as the performance of a mitzvah, if we can separate that from being commanded. If a mitzvah is what we are religiously obligated to do, then we are obliged to wear one by, as Rabbi Hoffman put it, our history, our community, our tradition and, in that sense, by God, without having to ponder who it was that may have "commanded" doing so.

    Paul Widem said:

    We need to know more of the background of the Pittsburgh Platform of 1885 for striking down this admonition to wear the talit. What did the forebearers of Reform Judaism have in mind when they struck down this commandment? What is it the need to assimilate into a Christian culture? What would striking down this commandment or making it optional achieve in the spiritual life of the Jew? Why if the talit is seen as an optional garment do we give it such a cental place in the wearing by Reform clery , in our new siddur, and the bar/bas mitzvah and then devalue its importance by letting bar/bas mitzvah studenta see it as an optional garment that they pack away for the rest of their lives? I believe we need to exercise great care in introducing optionality of observance of ritual in Reform Judaism unless we have certainty that it will not compromise our spiritual lives as Reform Jews. (see Dr. Yoffee's last address on Shabbat observance to the 2008 San Diego national Reform convention).

    William Berkson said:

    Classical Reform argued that much of the traditional ritual was a remnant of medieval practices that were incompatible with modern sensibilities, and detracted from spiritual uplift. Critics said that they were merely aping Protestant Christian practice. There was probably some truth on both sides of the argument.

    I think Classical Reform was right that choice of what rituals to observe should be a matter of what is spiritually uplifting. Personally I like the talit, which can be beautiful and comforting. The kippah looks a bit silly, but can be an inspiring reminder when a lot of people are wearing it.

    I think that Mordechai Kaplan had it right in arguing that what rituals a congregation practices should be developed in the congregation. However, I think there should also be interaction with the center of the movement, which develops guidelines based on the experience and wishes of many congregations. That wouldn't be purely democratic, but would be influenced by congregations' desires and practices.

    One idea would be to have a 'custom' of the congregation, perhaps posted, with the understanding that not all have to follow the custom.

    For me Shabbat itself is on a different and more sacred level than the details of dress and the religious service.

    M. B. said:

    America was founded in large part by people like the Pilgrims who came for religious freedom. The colonies were full of dissenters, both Prostetant and Jewish. Unlike in Europe, neither the church nor the state could dictate religious beliefs or practices in the new world. The Catholic Church condemned freedom of religion as a heresy no Catholic could accept and denounced separation of church and state as late as 1854 under Pius IX, but it had no control here. Jewish Orthodox in Russia and elsewhere denounced integration of Jews and gentiles, secular education, and the Jewish Reformation, but they had no control here. Each Protestant group had its own beliefs. America was too diverse for any one religious group to dominate like the Russian Orthodox in cazrist Russia or the Catholics in Spain. Protestants and Reform Jews both were able to rethink traditions, translate the Bible and prayer books so the common man and woman could read it, and take actions to reshape, revitalize and purify their religions.

    The religious costumes of the old world could not be forced on Jews on the frontier or in the towns and cities of the New World as they had been for thousands of years. The founders of Reform Judaism disliked superficial effects like kippas that divided a community. Instead, they wanted to unite people around common ideals and beliefs, while respecting our differences. By dressing in similar styles, people could relate to each other as individuals. Reform Jews wanted to pray like Americans, not Eastern Europeans or people from the Middle East or from the Middle Ages. So both Protestants and Reform Jews independently developed new religious practices with an American flavor.

    Rachael Schoenwahl said:

    I can certainly identify with others who have described the feelings of being wrapped in G_d's care, and creating a sacred personal atmosphere. As a Reform Jew, I have chosen to follow this particular Mitzvah because it holds meaning For me. Likewise, the fringes represent all of the Mitzvot, and as I run my fingers through them during services, I pause to reconsider which Mitzvot I have chosen to follow.

    My family has evolved from Orthodoxy, to Conservatism, and finally to Reform. Along the way, various members of our extended family have had sometimes heated discussions about which Mitzvot "should" be observed, and which are less important. Ultimately, G_d gifted us with free will and the power to make choices, and I choose to do what is meaningful to me. I can't imagine NOT wearing a kippah to any service, Torah study, etc., or a Tallit during Torah services. I love being a Jew, and it is one more thing that is meaningful and powerful to me. L'chaim!

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