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    Inside Intermarriage
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    Union for Reform Judaism

    On Gods and Mortals
    November 17, 2008
    Jewish Living | Torah (11 comments)

    By Larry Kaufman
    Rabbi Bloom's provocative view of our relationship with God centers on the God of the Torah, and I respectfully suggest that we 21st century Reform Jews relate to Somebody altogether different.

    Taught as we are that we are made b'tzelem Elohim, in the image of God, we are more likely to look in the mirror than in the Torah to develop our picture. I find more truth than poetry in the story of the little boy huddled with his crayons over a sheet of paper, whose mother asks what he is doing. "I'm drawing a picture of God," he replies. "But Sammy," his mother remonstrates, "nobody knows what God looks like." "Of course not," says Sammy. "I'm not done yet."

    I connect the Sammy story to the explanation we are given for praying, not to the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but rather to the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob - not three Gods, but three different drawings of the same God. This gives implicit permission for each of in succeeding generations to make our own drawings.

    As someone not particularly grounded in theology or philosophy, I read Torah as the effort of my ancestors to explain the world around them and to differentiate themselves from their neighbors. I am proud to be descended from folks whose differentiation was to hold themselves to a higher standard and who attributed that choice as a response to a Higher Power.

    But a God who would stone the Sabbath violator or permit the Holocaust is not the kind of God in whose image I want to find myself - and therefore I have to look at Rabbi Bloom's God Who was active in history in the time of the Torah as the portrait drawn by our ancestors based on what they understood of their world, and transform that God into the One we know today, who learns from us by mirroring us, learning as we learn.

    Thus when Rabbi Bloom discusses our getting in touch with a flawed God, I understand him as telling us to get in touch with our own flaws. (I am uncomfortable with his wounded God, which strikes me as a Christian understanding.) And the flaws - God's? Ours? - seem to relate to self-improvement, rather than to either ethical or ritual behavior. The God of the Torah was understood as concerned with both; the God of Pittsburgh 1885 was perceived, perhaps with an assist from Isaiah, as concerned only with the ethical. What is God concerned with today? In our contemporary picture, what's God wearing? What's God eating? In the audio, what language is God speaking?

    In Pirkei Avot, the Chapters of the Fathers, we read Mikol melamdei hiskalti, I have learned from all I have studied with. In studying here with Rabbi Bloom, we seem to be learning that God is studying alongside us, and presumably learning alongside us. And thus this relationship for the sake of Heaven can flourish and the God of the 21st century, who has evolved from the God of the Torah, can be our Partner, our Teacher, and our Student, as we can be God's, in perfecting the work of creation, starting with ourselves. . .

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    Comments

    William Berkson said:

    Larry, I'm afraid I find all these efforts to say exactly what God can or can't do, will or won't do, rather presumptuous. I think humility before the awesome mystery of life and creation is more appropriate--as I argued in the the first of my "Strengthening Reform" series.

    ps Mikol melamdei... is from the Psalms, not Avot.

    Larry Kaufman said:

    I went back and read Strengthening Reform #1, and also my comment on it. I don't think that my position as expressed in response to Rabbi Bloom is very different from the position I expressed back then, and which seems to me to parallel what I know of Kaplanian thinking (without having read Kaplan).

    If this is unduly presumptuous, I guess I could look forward to losing my portion of the World to Come, if I believed in a World to Come.

    In addition to not having read Kaplan, I also don't know the Psalms very well, other than those that are in the siddur -- so my familiarity with mikol melamdei comes from its citation by Ben Zoma in Avot 4:1. One of the disadvantages of reading print instead of on line is that reading Avot on line might have facilitated my following the link to Psalm 119. But again, I have been enlightened, so thank you.

    David Levy said:

    To be fair, citation wasn't born for the internet, and the UACH press edition of Pirkei Avot gives the biblical references in 4:1 right there in the translation. :)

    William Berkson said:

    Thanks, Larry and David, for noting that it's a proof text for ben Zoma's saying Avot 4:1. That clears up the mystery--we're both right about the source :)

    As to the theology, Kaplan believes in a limited God, but is much more naturalistic than what you report about Rabbi Bloom's view. If I've got it right--and Kaplan isn't always so clear--Kaplan holds that God is the aspect of nature that makes for the best in us--leads to our "salvation" (meant in a special Kaplan sense.)

    About God's nature, I don't think Kaplan knows either :)

    My problem with this discussion about the limits on God is that it misses the mystery and awe part about God, which to me is the main point, beyond the idea of one unifying power behind creation. The mystery and awe is key to reverence. And our decision to be grateful in spite of the fact that the God who enables to have life also enables its inevitable end.


    Stacey Robinson said:

    What a fascinating and, at times, difficult discussion! I am reminded of Alexander Pope: "an honest God is the noblest work of man."

    But this thread, on the nature of God (or perhaps better reflected: on God's nature) is at the heart of this Bat Yisrael, this Jew who struggles with God. As I recite the morning prayers, I pause when I get to "she'asani b'tzelem Elohim." I love that particular prayer, its power and command. I choose to interpret that prayer as a call to reach higher, do better. I think of the attributes given to God: compassion and mercy and justice and love. I interpret this morning prayer as a command to practice these things, as a call to be a better Jew, a better human being.

    But.

    And there is always a but, isn't there? I struggle with my own interpretation, this modern re-telling of God's nature. Where do I see evidence of God's love and compassion in the Torah? I challenge myself, I challenge my 7th grade Sunday School student to find evidence of this in the Torah.

    I think about the stories of Noah, Sodom and Gamorrah. The sacrifice of Isaac. Even of Moses, who stumbled once--- and was then denied access to the Promised Land. So I think of God's capriciousness and cruelty, jealousy and unbending rage.

    Surely, many of the Prophets later talk of God's love of justice, God's compassion and ability to forgive. And there is Pesach: we were redeemed by God for no other reason that we were suffering and God sought to relieve that.

    I think of the prayers we say and chant and sing. They are filled with the awe and majesty of God, resonate with the attributes we would all ascribe to a loving God. And I am convinced they are written, not as a testament, not as evidence of God's adherence to them.

    No, they are set in prayer as reminders to God. "Hey God," they seem to say, "remember your promise, remember our contract. We are your people, and you require of us certain stuff. Well, guess what? You're our God, and we have some requirements, too." Perhaps simplicstic, and I don't mean to be presumptuous. But I can't imagine that God would not expect that of us. If Abraham could bargain with God for the salvation of Sodom and Gamorrah, why would we not have the same rights: to bargain, to demand, to teach?

    JOSIAH BRILL said:

    I am troubled by the anthropomorphism reflected in Rabbi Bloom's article, as well as all of the above comments. It seems to me that God's cosmic nature precludes this entire discussion.

    Larry Kaufman said:

    I am troubled by the implication in Mr. Brill's comment that God's cosmic nature precludes discussion. His position would seem to eliminate the study of religion, not just the study of Judaism and Reform Judaism.

    Ny attempt to react to the interview with Rabbi Bloom was intended as a respectful disagreement with the anthropomorphism that the article projected. I can't speak for Ms. Robinson or for Dr. Berkson, but I infer from their statements that they too are rejecting anthropomorphism. However, none of us can deny that it pervades the presentation of God in the Pentateuch.

    Is Mr. Brill suggesting that Reform Judaism Magazine erred in publishing this interview? Or that Rabbi Bloom is not entitled to hold and write about or talk about his own concepts? Or merely that those of us who chose to express our own opinions are unduly chutzpadik?

    One of the glories of Reform Judaism as we know it today is its open-ness to a variety of ideas about God, ethics, ritual, and their place in our lives. One of the glories of the Union for Reform Judaism is that it gives a voice to laity and facilitates our open discussion with clergy and other professionals.

    I believe that God's cosmic nature,demands rather than precludes this discussion.

    William Berkson said:

    I don't think the issue is anthropomorphism.

    Maimonides already argued against that--it is in the hymn 'Yigdal', that summarizes Maimonides' articles of faith. Such expressions in the Bible are taken metaphorically by Maimonides and other rationalists.

    The issue here is rather limitations on God's power. My view is that admitting we don't know exactly what God's powers are is the soundest position theologically. This I argued early on in my 'Strengthening Reform' series.

    As for discussing it, I'm all for it as it's an important issue.

    Harriet Rosen said:

    It seems to me that the God described in Rabbi Bloom's article has the personality of a spoiled adolescent. It created us and our environment out of boredom, punishes us out of pique and has abandoned us because we haven't met its expectations. I fail to see what there is in this entity to praise or worship. I don't need a father figure to worship. A good neighbor who treats me with mutual respect and consideration would be nice.

    Arthur M. Rosen said:

    "What God Can Learn from Us" is itself something of a cartwheel. It comes from a top-down view of Scripture, and like many midrashim, the interpretation it offers can be more difficult to accept than the events it attempts to interpret.

    The Bible's depictions of God as moody, petulant, wrathful, and jealous are better understood as bottom-up human projections of the Bible's writers. They are part of the saga of discovery. They reflect the ethos of the time and, as such, it is they, and not God that change over time.

    Rabbi Bloom's article may motivate better behavior on the part of traditional believers but it is not likely it will attract many un-believers.

    Deborah Goldman said:

    In regard to the article "What God Can Learn from Us" I have some things to say, although I am sure it won't be as eloquent or articulate as other readers' comments. I don't believe that God is flawed. I believe that God is perfect, and that humans cannot and do not have the capacity for fully understanding God's thoughts and ways. I believe that for me, I prefer to respond to what God is doing in my life, rather than make expectations of God that He should respond to what I expect of Him. I find it bizarre that a rabbi would write such an article. It might have been easier for me to accept this perspective from a non-rabbi. I do not see how Rabbi Bloom intends on helping others strengthen their faith in God, especially one purported to be in as much psychological need as people. I do think that God created people in order to love us and for us to each seek out a relationship with Him, for his pleasure as well as our own. I believe that God must be bigger than our issues, problems, perspective, thoughts, expectations, understanding, and human definition, or He would not be God. While each person is entitled to his or her own opinion, I would caution that a rabbi's viewpoint carries more impact (especially in a Jewish publication) than a non-rabbi in facilitating a person's faith in God. At least that is my assumption regarding the role of a rabbi. A god who behaves as dysfunctionally as people do is not worthy of worship, much less faith. God is worthy of worship. I respectfully disagree with the content of Rabbi Bloom's article (in a Jewish publication rather than in a Psychology publication no less), and am put off my his spiritual arrogance.

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