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    Reform Follows a Sephardic Tradition
    April 8, 2009
    Holidays (11 comments)

    by Rabbi Thomas A. Louchheim
    Congregation Or Chadash of Tucson, Arizona

    Passover is one of the holidays most closely associated with food.

    When thinking about this holiday, there are two key words to remember: matzah and chametz.

    The Departure of the Jews from Egypt came about so hastily that our ancestors had no time to prepare their bread in the usual manner. Because the dough needed to be baked so quickly, it did not leaven (rise). Matzah is the unleavened bread that they ate.

    Chametz, "leaven," literally means "souring" or "fermentation." The Torah says, "Seven days you shall eat unleaved bread; on the very first day you shall remove lean from your houses" (Exodus 12:15). The forbidden grains are: barley, oats, rye, spelt, and wheat (except when making matzah).

    For this reason, special dietary laws are observed during Passover. We are forbidden to eat any food which has been leavened or contains leavening ingredients. Even the most infinitesimal amount of chametz is forbidden to be eaten. Grain or cereal products, as well as derivatives of these foods, such as grain alcohol, grain vinegar are not used. Ashkenazi Jews also forbid kitniyot, "legumes" such as peas, beans, garlic, mustard, sunflower seeds, and peanuts.

    In 1810 the Reform Movement removed this restriction against kitniyot, choosing the Sephardic practice having them at their meals during Passover. It is therefore not unusual to see corn, chick peas, string beans and rice during the Passover meal or during the week of Passover in Reform homes. Only use fresh legumes and not dried legumes, unless the dried legumes were dried for the specific purpose of being used for the Passover holiday. While soy beans are permitted, products made from soy such as soy sauce and soy milk are not. These products are made through an extraction method that uses grain alcohol.

    When I grew up, I recall that our Passover meal consisted of brisket, string beans and rice.

    Whatever your tradition, enjoy cooking and your Passover holiday.

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    Comments

    Beverly Sandock said:

    Terrific explanation of why some foods are allowable while others are not. The old traditons of the Orthodox are hard to break. We still observe the pre-1810 guiddlines for keeping Passover.

    Larry Kaufman said:

    Rabbi Louchheim's observation about an 1810 position on kitnayot by the Reform "movement" doesn't tell us who the Reform movement was at that time -- certainly there was no CCAR to provide t'shuvot (responsa). I suspect that it would be more likely for a North American Reform Jew to defend (permissive) Passover food choices by citing absolution by the Pittsburgh Platform from observing any dietary laws...assuming a felt need to defend them at all.

    Certainly I'm not alone in being more observant of food laws during Passover than during the rest of the year. Raised in the Ashkenazic tradition, I will avoid rice and peanut butter this week -- but I will not look for the kosher lepesach label. If I drink a soft drink sweetened with corn syrup, it will be "sanctioned" by my personal rule -- if it can be kosher for Passover, it is.

    If you read this on Thursday, chag sameach. happy holiday. Otherwise, moadim l'simchah. (Hebrew lesson for those who need it, per the "rules of the road" for using foreign language terms on the blog -- moadim l'simchah is the conventional greeting for the intermediate days of festivals, taken from the holiday kddush, and meaning special occasions for happiness.)

    M. B. said:

    Rabbi Loucheim: Can you cite any commandment in the Bible which prohibits the use of dried legumes or products from soy like soy sauce or soy milk r wheat during Passover? If not, and you agree that these are just centuries old errors, why would any reform minded Jew want to perpetuate them?

    Paul Kipnes said:

    We came to the conclusion, based on study of Reform responsa and Israeli Conservative movement responsa, that eating kitniyot would clearly be permissible. Read our article at:
    http://rabbipaul.blogspot.com/2009/04/can-we-eat-beans-rice-corn-and-peas-on.html

    Lyle Rothman said:

    This has been a very interesting discussion and one that probably deserves a lot more attention. The one concept that is missing from a conversation like this is "Klal Yisrael."

    Many of us make decisions as learned Reform Jews never once thinking how the choices we make influence the larger Jewish community. For example the title of this article seems to imply that "all" Reform Jews follow the Sephardi tradition of eating kitniyot on Passover. Clearly this is not true.

    As Reform Jews we need to make sure that we always keep a foot in the larger Jewish community. We must do our best to follow the rabbinic dictum in Avot 2:5 and not separate ourselves from the community. If we do this then we will remember that Reform Judaism isn't about picking and choosing but rather about true informed choice.

    just me said:

    Although my husband and I both come from Ashkenazi backgrounds, we differ on the subject of kitniyot, and we agree to disagree. It just doesn't 'feel' right to me to eat those foods. We also disagree on the length of the holiday - he observes it for seven days, while I stick to the eight-day tradition. (Our kids do seven, but only because they can't seem to last a moment longer.) We've managed to do this for 20 years now. (Full disclosure: he is a Reform-raised Reform rabbi; I am a Conservative-raised layperson.)

    BZ said:

    Beverly Sandock writes:
    The old traditons of the Orthodox are hard to break.

    The Ashkenazi custom of not eating kitniyot is much older than the existence of anything called "Orthodox". And many Orthodox Jews (viz. Sefardim) never had this custom.

    BZ said:

    Rabbi Louchheim, can you provide more information about this 1810 decision?

    (I come from a Reform family, and grew up not eating kitniyot during Pesach. And observing 7 days, of course.)

    BZ said:

    Rabbi Loucheim: Can you cite any commandment in the Bible which prohibits the use of dried legumes or products from soy like soy sauce or soy milk r wheat during Passover? If not, and you agree that these are just centuries old errors, why would any reform minded Jew want to perpetuate them?

    M.B.: Can you cite any commandment in the Bible which provides the algorithm for calculating the date of Passover and other holidays? (It's the 15th day of the 1st month, but when does the 1st month begin?) If not, how do you know when to observe the holidays?

    M. B. said:

    BZ, my understanding is that the Bible gives dates according to a lunar calendar, and that in ancient times, people would watch for the new moon and start counting the days. I recon that was important to the priests and part of their job (as we see in other societies).

    I just look on the internet for when Jewish holidays start. The important thing to my way of thinking is to remember and observe the holidays each year, not to observe them precisely on a certain schedule. To take an extreme example, if you are on a space ship zipping through time zones circling the world every few minutes, I wouldn't obsess over the date and time for starting and ending holidays. One could pick the time in St. Louis, Paris, Sydney or Vancouver or just set aside an approximate time. I'm certain some Orthodox people were expending a lot of effort on that question when they launched a Jewish Astronaut in space.

    BZ said:

    I just look on the internet for when Jewish holidays start.

    And where do you think the people who post these dates on the Internet get their information?

    (Hint: not the Bible.)

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