Ahashverosh
King of Persia (modern-day Iran) and a main character in the Purim story. When his queen, Vashti, refuses to entertain guests at the king’s feast, he banishes her.
Vashti
Former queen of Persia (modern-day Iran) and a main character in the Purim story. Vashti refuses to entertain guests at King Ahashverosh’s feast, and is banished.
Daven
Yiddish for “pray.” Typically involves Hebrew chanting, traditional melodies, and some movement during prayer.
Am
“nation” or “people.” Am Yisrael is often used to describe the people of Israel, especially throughout the Bible.
Am Yisrael
Literally, “the people of Israel.” The nation or people of Israel. The Jewish people.
Ivrit
Hebrew word for the Hebrew language.
Bible
The English word for Tanach, meaning the Hebrew scriptures.
Codes
A broad category of Jewish literature that addresses halachah (Jewish legal teachings).
Commentary
A broad term for the recorded words of individuals throughout centuries, offering insights and new perspectives on Torah, Tanach, and Jewish texts. According to some, the interpretive nature of translating a text from its original language means “all translations are commentaries.”
D'rash
May refer to midrash; may also refer to a few words of Torah shared during a worship service or gathering.